Unit   Seven

Text A    Leisure   and   Leadership

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一．课文简介

现代人越来越重视休闲活动与生活质量。不同的人对休闲时间的利用也不一样，主要取决于他们的工作性质和生活方式。但有一点是肯定的，即休闲是生活的一个重要部分，应该善加利用，因此，大众在积极利用休闲时光方面需要指引和领导。

Paras.1—2   As far as “quality of life” is concerned, leisure plays an important role in life.

Paras.3—6   The specific use of leisure varies from person to person.

Paras.7—9   We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our society.

Para.10    Leisure will in return encourage academic work.

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二．词汇精讲：                 New  Words

（上面兰色标出的词汇分别与下面精讲词汇相链接，点击哪个词就出现那个词的相应解释及用法）

词汇精讲:

1.       attach : 固定住，系；附加；把（重点）放在

She attached a chain to the dog’s collar. 她把链条拴在狗的项圈上。

She attaches great importance to being financially independent.

她认为在经济上独立很重要。

操练：旅客在登机前必须在提包上拴上标签。

Passengers should attach labels to their bags before boarding the airplane.

2.       possession: 有，拥有

派生词：possess v. 拥有，有

He lost most of his possession during the war. 战争期间他丢失了大部分财产。

He’s had possession of the house for ten years. 他拥有这所房产已有十年。

The thief was in possession of a large quantity of stolen property. 这小偷持有大宗偷窃的财物。

3.       desirable：称心的，合意的，理想的

派生词：desire v. 希望，愿望

用法： 用在It is desirable that …句型中，that 从句里谓语动词要用(should) + 动词原形。

It is desirable that he should attend the meeting. 他参加会议是最理想的了。

He has a highly desirable job. 他有一份非常称心的工作。

We desire your early reply to this inquiry. 我们期待对这个询问早日回复。

4.       acquire：获得，得到

She acquired an original painting by Van Gogh. 她得到了一幅梵高的原画。

I acquired a little Spanish while I was in Peru. 我在秘鲁时学到了一点西班牙语。

区别：acquire 与require

require v. 需要，需求

5.       positive：明确的，确实的；积极的，

反义词：negative  a. 消极的，否定的

He gave positive instructions. 他给了明确的指示。

Can you be positive about what you saw? 你能肯定你所见到的东西吗？

操练：他在纠正学生的错误时总是采取积极的态度。

He always adopts a positive attitude when correcting student’s mistakes.

6.       relevant : 贴切的，中肯的，与… 有关的

派生词：relevance n. 相关 ； irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不贴切的

用法：be relevant to 与… 相关

Topics for conversation should be relevant to the experience and interests of the students. 谈话的题目应该与学生的经历与兴趣有关。

Any relevant information should be given to the police. 任何有关信息都应交给警察。

操练：他的肤色与他是否是个好律师无关。

His colour isn’t relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.

词组：phrases

1. be concerned with：关于，关切，关注

Her job is something concerned with computers 她的工作与电脑有关。

Your parents are concerned with your health. 你父母总是很关心你的健康。

相关词组：be concerned about 关心，担心

2. to take to ： 养成.. 的习惯；开始喜欢…

She was so depressed she took to drugs. 她极度沮丧以至染上了吸毒的习惯。

She’s taken to tennis like a duck to water. 她开始喜欢上网球，而且如鱼得水。

相关词汇：take up 从事，占据；take over 接管，接任； take on 具有，承担，呈现

3. on the part of : 就… 而言

There was no further hesitation, at least on his part, as to what was to be done. 至少对他来说，关于下一步要做什么没有再犹豫。

 I have done nothing wrong on my part.

我方什么也没做错。

4. to set … as objective：把… 作为目标

The company tries to set the improvement of quality as their objective. 这个公司把提高质量作为他们的目标。

操练：学校应该把学生的全面发展作为自己的目标。

Schools should set students’ development in an all-round way as their objective.

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三．课文详解

Leisure and Leadership （链接，出现人们健身的画面）

Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of service for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.①

The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especial as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.②

As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. ③The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.

The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes. ④

In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life.⑤

Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. ⑥ We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use ⑦

Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.⑧ Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.  ⑨ Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.

Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicator in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. ⑽For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuit are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.⑾

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. ⑿The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.⒀ （老师停顿）

（以下课文详解分别与上面划线部分内容相链接）

课文详解：

1.       The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of service for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.此句主语较长(划线部分)，分为两个部分，  即： “ The importance people attach to paid holidays” “paid holidays” 意为 “带薪假期”（人们对带薪休假的重视） 和 “ the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation” （大众娱乐服务的快速发展）。其中 “ people attach to paid holidays” 是定语修饰 “ importance” 。

2.Generally speaking, the quality of life, especial as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual。

此句中 “ especially as seen by the individual” 是定语从句，其中的关系代词as 作主语，谓语动词中省去了is 。意思是“特别是在个人看来（个人所认为的生活质量）”

 “ to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual” 是定语从句修饰 “ the degree” 。

词组 “in terms of” 的意思是“根据，按照；在…方面 ，就…而言”。

例如： In terms of education, every person should have opportunity.

就教育来说，每个人都应该有机会。

词组  “ to … degree”  到… 程度

例如：We’re all involved in this matter, but to different degrees.

我们都与此事有牵连，但程度不一样。

3         As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. 此句中第一个 as 是介词，意思是“作为”。 “ carried out as one thinks fit during one’s spare time” 是过去分词短语作定语修饰activity 。第二个as 是连词，引导方式状语从句，修饰动词词组 “ carried out”。词组“carry out” 意思是“完成，实现，贯彻，执行”

4． 句中a popular leisure activity:是television watching的同位语，冒号后边的三个并列成分用来解释看电视的不同利用。

A change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work;

 改变感受来“逃避”工作的压力和紧张

To learn more about what is happening in one's environment;

 更多了解自己周围正在发生的一切

To provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes. 提供机会理解自己，通过对比节目中描绘的别人的经历

5          In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, 句中“ in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life” 是定语从句修饰 “ urban society”。 “In a urban society …..in life” 是整个句子的状语。 主句的主语是experiences,谓语是can lead to …

      loom  v.  （危险）逼近，朦胧出现

    短语 loom large 意思是“显得严重（突出），阴影逼近

“ be it television watching or bird-watching” 是让步状语从句，省去了连接词whether , 系动词be 放到了主语it 之前。不倒装的形式为 whether it is television watching or bird-watching。

6         That引导定语从句修饰our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences.全句的意思是：“我们的

喜爱与厌恶、品味与偏爱决定我们选择这样的活动，如：读书、看电影、野营、或者

某些文化追求，所有这些活动均与社会环境和学习经历有关。”

7         此句中的两个that 从句都是同位语从句，分别修饰recognition 和belief 。此句意思：

基本上说，上述态度相当于一个共识：休闲是生活的一个重要方面；相当于一个信念：

休闲能够并且应该充分利用。

amount to ：达到，到…之多；相当于 ， 例如：

My income for that year amounts to $10，000 . 那年我的收入达10000美元。

8         此句中find 后是that 引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，从句的主语是动词不定式 “ to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public” , 谓语是系表结构 “ is essential”。 “ for” 之后的部分是介词短语作essential 的状语，表示目的。此句意思：从事娱乐业的专业工作者也会发现，培养大众积极的休闲态度对促进他们以创造性的，满意的方式利用休闲时间十分必要。

9         此句的主干结构是主语从句it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 “ that the people …. handle leisure”。在主语从句中，主语是the people ， “ with whom we come into contact in these various contexts” 是其定语。“我们在这些不同环境中接触的人” “ come into contact with” 是固定搭配表示“与… 相联系”，“与…接触”。 在本句中，介词 “ with” 提前到whom 前面。谓语是are all likely to have exerted some influence “很可能产生某些影响”

 “ shaping 后接三个并列宾语，即our attitudes, interests 和skills ; relevant to how we handle leisure 是后置定语修饰skills , 其中的how we …